12 December 2018 - CTBUH News
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Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element (i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building.
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level.
The current legal building name.
Other names the building has commonly been known as, including former names, common informal names, local names, etc.
CTBUH collects data on two major types of tall structures: 'Buildings' and 'Telecommunications / Observation Towers.' A 'Building' is a structure where at least 50% of the height is occupied by usable floor area. A 'Telecommunications / Observation Tower' is a structure where less than 50% of the structure's height is occupied by usable floor area. Only 'Buildings' are eligible for the CTBUH 'Tallest Buildings' lists.
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of Country, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of City, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.
A single-function tall building is defined as one where 85% or more of its usable floor area is dedicated to a single usage. Thus a building with 90% office floor area would be said to be an "office" building, irrespective of other minor functions it may also contain.
A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.
Steel
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered a “steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
Reinforced Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars.
Precast Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning system are constructed from steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.
Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. steel, concrete, timber), one on top of the other. For example, a steel/concrete indicates a steel structural system located on top of a concrete structural system, with the opposite true of concrete/steel.
Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used in a composite building’s core, columns, and floor spanning separately.
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level.
Number of Parking Spaces refers to the total number of car parking spaces contained within a particular building.
Number of Elevators refers to the total number of elevator cars (not shafts) contained within a particular building (including public, private and freight elevators).
Tower GFA refers to the total gross floor area within the tower footprint, not including adjoining podiums, connected buildings or other towers within the development.
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Proposed
Construction Start
Completed
Interiors
Property Management
Vertical Transportation
Wind
Elevator
Façade Maintenance Equipment
Paint/Coating
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Concept
Interiors
Landscape
Lighting
Property Management
Traffic
Vertical Transportation
Wind
Ceiling
Cladding
Construction Hoists
Elevator
Façade Maintenance Equipment
Fire Proofing
Paint/Coating
Steel
2021 CTBUH Awards
2021 CTBUH Awards
2019 CTBUH Awards
12 December 2018 - CTBUH News
5 December 2018 - Awards
25 April 2019
This research explores the trends, drivers and frequency of offset cores in the world’s tallest buildings. It charts the history of tall building layouts, exploring...
Hanking Center adds a new dimension to Shenzhen’s skyline. It reconsiders the conventional commercial office building through an innovative approach to circulation, social systems, and workspaces. The tower is comprised of office space, with high-end retail and dining options in the podium. The Center utilizes folded angles to elegantly merge public components in the podium with private commercial space in the tower. A grand plaza and hardscape around the exterior serves to anchor the new landmark and encourage activity nearby.
The tower’s unique steel structural system offsets the primary movement and service cores to the exterior of the floor plate. Shadowing the offset circulation core, two secondary cores in the body provide structural reinforcement. A series of sky bridges and diagonal mega-braces connect the offset core to the main tower. Special horizontal ties and slab diaphragm bracing were provided where the columns on the south face “kinked” to tie the necessary stabilizing forces to the tower’s overall lateral load resisting system. Extensive wind tunnel testing as well as non-linear performance based seismic design studies were conducted to verify the performance of the tower. Five communal skygardens, glazed lobbies, and a sunny atrium in the building’s core serve to connect separate elements of the building, and provide a communal hub for tenants. Circulation and amenity areas gain natural light and views over the city to create a vibrant public space.
As a new icon for the growing high-tech zone in the Nanshan neighborhood, the Hanking Center Tower was conceptualized to house emerging tech companies. The open floor plates, made possible by the tower’s offset core, greatly amplify the flexibility companies have in utilizing their space. In addition, this form allows for work environments with more natural light and better air circulation to enhance comfort, health, and productivity.
2021 CTBUH Awards
2021 CTBUH Awards
2019 CTBUH Awards
25 April 2019
This research explores the trends, drivers and frequency of offset cores in the world’s tallest buildings. It charts the history of tall building layouts, exploring...
25 April 2019
There has long been an interest in separating the service cores of tall buildings from the main programmed areas – to create more column-free, easily-configured...
12 December 2018
The astronomical growth in tall building construction observed over the past decade continued in 2018, though the total number of completed buildings of 200 meters’...
26 October 2015
Using nonlinear time history analysis to investigate the seismic performance of tall building structures has been more widely implemented in recent years as china new...
12 December 2018
The astronomical growth in tall building construction observed over the past decade continued in 2018, though the total number of completed buildings of 200 meters’ or greater height leveled off at 143, after hitting an all-time record of 147 in 2017.
5 December 2018
These projects will be represented at the CTBUH 2019 Tall + Urban Innovation Conference, where they will compete in real time for winning distinctions in each category.
17 January 2018
Check out all of our 2018 Tall Building Predictions, and dive into the full 2017 Tall Building Year in Review data report.
19 December 2016
Check out the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat's top stories of 2016 for each month and take a look ahead with the Council’s monthly predictions for 2017.
13 October 2016
The Council is pleased to announce the Top Company Rankings for numerous disciplines as derived from the list of projects appearing in 100 of the World’s Tallest Buildings.
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